随着网络技术的快速发展和网络设备的快速增长,数据吞吐量也大大增加。为了解决蜂窝网络中回程瓶颈的问题并满足人们对延迟的要求,基于预测的结果,网络体系结构等网络体系结构旨在主动将有限的流行内容保持在网络边缘。同时,内容(例如,深度神经网络模型,与Wikipedia类似知识库)和用户之间的相互作用可以视为动态二分图。在本文中,为了最大程度地提高缓存命中率,我们利用有效的动态图神经网络(DGNN)共同学习嵌入了两部分图中的结构和时间模式。此外,为了更深入地了解不断发展的图表中的动态,我们提出了一个基于信息时代(AOI)的注意机制,以提取有价值的历史信息,同时避免消息陈旧的问题。结合了上述预测模型,我们还开发了一种缓存选择算法,以根据预测结果做出缓存决策。广泛的结果表明,与两个现实世界数据集中的其他最先进的方案相比,我们的模型可以获得更高的预测准确性。命中率的结果进一步验证了基于我们提出的模型而不是其他传统方式的缓存政策的优势。
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发现新材料是一项艰巨的挑战,对人类社会的进步至关重要。基于反复试验实验和计算模拟的常规方法是劳动密集型或昂贵的,取决于专家的启发式知识,成功的方式很大。最近,通过从已知材料数据集中学习隐式知识来生成材料的生成设计模型。但是,这些模型要么适用于特定的材料系统,要么由于其未能将物理规则纳入其模型训练过程而较低。在这里,我们提出了一种基于深度学习的物理学指导的晶体生成模型(PGCGM),以实现具有高结构多样性(多达20种不同空间组)的有效生成材料设计。我们模型的高性能表明了其捕获和利用晶体的对称约束和邻居原子之间的成对原子距离约束的能力。使用数据增强和空间原子聚类和合并,我们的PGCGM模型将整体生成有效性的性能提高了700 \%以上,与FTCP相比,FTCP是最先进的结构生成器之一,与45 \%相比,我们的整体生成有效性性能提高了。我们以前的立方体模型。新生成的晶体材料在原子空间分布和组成多样性方面也显示出更高的质量。我们通过密度功能理论(DFT)计算进一步验证了新的晶体结构。 2,000个中的1,869材料成功地优化了,其中39.6%的形成能量为阴性,5.3 \%的能量库船长小于0.25 eV/原子,表明它们的热力学稳定性和潜在的合成性。 1,869个晶体结构已沉积到卡罗来纳州材料数据库\ url {www.carolinamatdb.org}。
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人工智能(AI)为简化Covid-19诊断提供了有前景的替代。然而,涉及周围的安全和可信度的担忧阻碍了大规模代表性的医学数据,对临床实践中训练广泛的模型造成了相当大的挑战。为了解决这个问题,我们启动了统一的CT-Covid AI诊断计划(UCADI),其中AI模型可以在没有数据共享的联合学习框架(FL)下在每个主机机构下分发和独立地在没有数据共享的情况下在每个主机机构上执行。在这里,我们认为我们的FL模型通过大的产量(中国测试敏感性/特异性:0.973 / 0.951,英国:0.730 / 0.942),与专业放射科医师的面板实现可比性表现。我们进一步评估了持有的模型(从另外两家医院收集,留出FL)和异构(用造影材料获取)数据,提供了模型所做的决策的视觉解释,并分析了模型之间的权衡联邦培训过程中的性能和沟通成本。我们的研究基于来自位于中国和英国的23家医院的3,336名患者的9,573次胸部计算断层扫描扫描(CTS)。统称,我们的工作提出了利用联邦学习的潜在保留了数字健康的前景。
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Salient object detection (SOD) aims to determine the most visually attractive objects in an image. With the development of virtual reality technology, 360{\deg} omnidirectional image has been widely used, but the SOD task in 360{\deg} omnidirectional image is seldom studied due to its severe distortions and complex scenes. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Projection Fusion and Refinement Network (MPFR-Net) to detect the salient objects in 360{\deg} omnidirectional image. Different from the existing methods, the equirectangular projection image and four corresponding cube-unfolding images are embedded into the network simultaneously as inputs, where the cube-unfolding images not only provide supplementary information for equirectangular projection image, but also ensure the object integrity of the cube-map projection. In order to make full use of these two projection modes, a Dynamic Weighting Fusion (DWF) module is designed to adaptively integrate the features of different projections in a complementary and dynamic manner from the perspective of inter and intra features. Furthermore, in order to fully explore the way of interaction between encoder and decoder features, a Filtration and Refinement (FR) module is designed to suppress the redundant information between the feature itself and the feature. Experimental results on two omnidirectional datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods both qualitatively and quantitatively.
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Scene text editing (STE) aims to replace text with the desired one while preserving background and styles of the original text. However, due to the complicated background textures and various text styles, existing methods fall short in generating clear and legible edited text images. In this study, we attribute the poor editing performance to two problems: 1) Implicit decoupling structure. Previous methods of editing the whole image have to learn different translation rules of background and text regions simultaneously. 2) Domain gap. Due to the lack of edited real scene text images, the network can only be well trained on synthetic pairs and performs poorly on real-world images. To handle the above problems, we propose a novel network by MOdifying Scene Text image at strokE Level (MOSTEL). Firstly, we generate stroke guidance maps to explicitly indicate regions to be edited. Different from the implicit one by directly modifying all the pixels at image level, such explicit instructions filter out the distractions from background and guide the network to focus on editing rules of text regions. Secondly, we propose a Semi-supervised Hybrid Learning to train the network with both labeled synthetic images and unpaired real scene text images. Thus, the STE model is adapted to real-world datasets distributions. Moreover, two new datasets (Tamper-Syn2k and Tamper-Scene) are proposed to fill the blank of public evaluation datasets. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our MOSTEL outperforms previous methods both qualitatively and quantitatively. Datasets and code will be available at https://github.com/qqqyd/MOSTEL.
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Oxidation states are the charges of atoms after their ionic approximation of their bonds, which have been widely used in charge-neutrality verification, crystal structure determination, and reaction estimation. Currently only heuristic rules exist for guessing the oxidation states of a given compound with many exceptions. Recent work has developed machine learning models based on heuristic structural features for predicting the oxidation states of metal ions. However, composition based oxidation state prediction still remains elusive so far, which is more important in new material discovery for which the structures are not even available. This work proposes a novel deep learning based BERT transformer language model BERTOS for predicting the oxidation states of all elements of inorganic compounds given only their chemical composition. Our model achieves 96.82\% accuracy for all-element oxidation states prediction benchmarked on the cleaned ICSD dataset and achieves 97.61\% accuracy for oxide materials. We also demonstrate how it can be used to conduct large-scale screening of hypothetical material compositions for materials discovery.
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Uncertainty quantification (UQ) has increasing importance in building robust high-performance and generalizable materials property prediction models. It can also be used in active learning to train better models by focusing on getting new training data from uncertain regions. There are several categories of UQ methods each considering different types of uncertainty sources. Here we conduct a comprehensive evaluation on the UQ methods for graph neural network based materials property prediction and evaluate how they truly reflect the uncertainty that we want in error bound estimation or active learning. Our experimental results over four crystal materials datasets (including formation energy, adsorption energy, total energy, and band gap properties) show that the popular ensemble methods for uncertainty estimation is NOT the best choice for UQ in materials property prediction. For the convenience of the community, all the source code and data sets can be accessed freely at \url{https://github.com/usccolumbia/materialsUQ}.
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网络体系结构搜索(NAS),尤其是可区分的体系结构搜索(DARTS)方法,已经显示出在特定感兴趣的特定数据集中学习出色的模型体系结构的强大力量。与使用固定的数据集相反,在这项工作中,我们关注NAS的不同但重要的方案:如何完善部署的网络模型体系结构,以增强其鲁棒性,并通过一些收集和错误分类的示例的指导来增强其鲁棒性,这些示例被某些降低了现实世界中的未知损坏具有特定的模式(例如噪声,模糊等)。为此,我们首先进行了一项实证研究,以验证模型体系结构绝对与腐败模式有关。令人惊讶的是,通过仅添加一些损坏和错误分类的示例(例如,$ 10^3 $示例)到清洁培训数据集(例如$ 5.0 \ times 10^4 $示例)中,我们可以完善模型体系结构并显着增强鲁棒性。为了使其更加实用,应仔细研究关键问题,即如何为有效的NAS指导选择适当的失败示例。然后,我们提出了一个新颖的核心失效指导飞镖,该飞镖嵌入了K-Center-Greedy算法的飞镖,以选择合适的损坏故障示例以完善模型体系结构。我们使用我们的方法在清洁和15个腐败上使用飞镖精制的DNN,并在四个特定的现实世界腐败的指导下进行了指导。与最先进的NAS以及基于数据启发的增强方法相比,我们的最终方法可以在损坏的数据集和原始清洁数据集上获得更高的精度。在某些腐败模式上,我们可以达到超过45%的绝对准确性提高。
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自我监督的神经语言模型最近在有机分子和蛋白质序列的生成设计中发现了广泛的应用,以及用于下游结构分类和功能预测的表示学习。但是,大多数现有的分子设计深度学习模型通常都需要一个大数据集并具有黑盒架构,这使得很难解释其设计逻辑。在这里,我们提出了生成分子变压器(GMTRANSFORMER),这是一种用于分子生成设计的概率神经网络模型。我们的模型建立在最初用于文本处理的空白填充语言模型上,该模型在学习具有高质量生成,可解释性和数据效率的“分子语法”方面具有独特的优势。与其他基线相比,我们的模型在摩西数据集上的基准测试后获得了高新颖性和SCAF。概率生成步骤具有修补分子设计的潜力,因为它们有能力推荐如何通过学习的隐式分子化学指导,并通过解释来修饰现有分子。可以在https://github.com/usccolumbia/gmtransformer上自由访问源代码和数据集
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传统的LIDAR射测(LO)系统主要利用从经过的环境获得的几何信息来注册激光扫描并估算Lidar Ego-Motion,而在动态或非结构化环境中可能不可靠。本文提出了Inten-loam,一种低饮用和健壮的激光镜和映射方法,该方法完全利用激光扫描的隐式信息(即几何,强度和时间特征)。扫描点被投影到圆柱形图像上,这些图像有助于促进各种特征的有效和适应性提取,即地面,梁,立面和反射器。我们提出了一种新型基于强度的点登记算法,并将其纳入LIDAR的探光仪,从而使LO系统能够使用几何和强度特征点共同估计LIDAR EGO-MOTION。为了消除动态对象的干扰,我们提出了一种基于时间的动态对象删除方法,以在MAP更新之前过滤它们。此外,使用与时间相关的体素网格滤波器组织并缩减了本地地图,以维持当前扫描和静态局部图之间的相似性。在模拟和实际数据集上进行了广泛的实验。结果表明,所提出的方法在正常驾驶方案中实现了类似或更高的精度W.R.T,在非结构化环境中,最先进的方法优于基于几何的LO。
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